ABSTRACT
ObjectiveTo study the effects of foliar spraying of two kinds of compound rhizosphere growth-promoting agents on the growth and physiological characteristics of Angelicae Sinensis Radix （ASR）， as well as the pharmacodynamic components， in order to lay a foundation for providing functional microbial agents for ecological cultivation of ASR. MethodThe compound growth-promoting agents T1 （Pseudomonas CBS5， CBS7 and CBSB） and T2 （Bacillus 5C1， 5C5 and 5C7） with the concentration of 1×108 CFU·mL-1 were sprayed on the leaf surface of the field， and the sterile potato glucose broth medium was used as the control （CK）. The plant growth indexes of ASR were measured by conventional methods， the photosynthetic physiological indexes of ASR were measured by portable photosynthetic measurement system， the enzyme activities of plants and microorganisms were measured by kit method， and the endogenous hormone levels were analyzed by ultra-performance liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry. The contents of ferulic acid， senkyunolide I， coniferyl ferulate， senkyunolide A and Z-ligustilide were determined by high performance liquid chromatography. ResultCompared with CK， the two compound inoculants could promote the growth of ASR and increase the biomass， increase the leaf net photosynthetic rate， stomatal conductance， intercellular CO2 concentration， transpiration rate， increase catalase， peroxidase， superoxide dismutase， polyamine oxidase， diamine oxidase and polyphenol oxidase enzyme activities， increase endogenous jasmonic acid， cytokinin and gibberellin levels in plants， increase the contents of ferulic acid， senkyunolide A and Z-ligustilide， reduce the contents of malondialdehyde and abscisic acid， and reduce the incidence of root rot. ConclusionFoliar spraying of two kinds of rhizosphere compound growth-promoting agents can promote the growth， photosynthesis and stress resistance of ASR， and can improve the quality of ASR in different degrees. Comprehensive analysis shows that T1 treatment is better than T2 treatment in the growth-promoting and quality-enhancing of ASR.
ABSTRACT
The medicinal plants with roots and rhizomes as the medicinal parts account for about 1/3 of Chinese medicinal herbs. Root and rhizome medicinal materials are widely used in clinical practice, whereas their wild resource reserves are insufficient to meet the market demand. With the expansion of planting areas, the formation of large-scale production areas, and the increase in planting years, diseases and insect pests of these medicinal plants, which are diverse and have broad transmission routes, strong concealment, and heavy damage, have become more and more serious. The prevention and control of these diseases and insect pests is characterized by multiple ways of pesticide application, large consumption of pesticides, susceptibility to soil barrier, difficulty in the control, and unstable control efficiency. Organophosphorus pesticides(OPPs) are widely used in the cultivation of Chinese medicinal plants because of their diverse varieties, broad-spectrum, good efficacy, and low residues, and have a positive effect on the yield and quality of Chinese medicinal materials. However, the abuse of OPPs not only increases the planting cost, but also affects the quality and safety of Chinese medicinal plants, the safety of clinical use of Chinese medicine, and the ecological safety of production areas. This paper reviewed the research and development progress of OPPs, the registration status of OPPs used in root and rhizome medicinal materials, residue limit standards, residue status, and rapid detection technology progress of OPPs. This review aims to provide research ideas and references for standardizing the use of OPPs in root and rhizome medicinal materials, reducing OPP residues, and establishing a fast, efficient, accurate, and reliable method for the detection of OPP residues in Chinese herbal medicine.
Subject(s)
Organophosphorus Compounds , Pesticide Residues/analysis , Pesticides/analysis , Plants, Medicinal , Rhizome/chemistryABSTRACT
The long-term and extensive use of chemical fertilizers and pesticides in the cultivation of Chinese materia medica has resulted in serious soil ecological and environmental problems such as secondary salinization, soil consolidation, soil acidification, continuous cropping obstacles, micro-ecological imbalance, and serious soil pests and diseases in the production areas of Chinese materia medica. Therefore, promoting the ecological planting of Chinese materia medica is the only way for the production of Chinese materia medica. Attapulgite(ATP) is a kind of water-rich magnesium-rich aluminosilicate clay mineral with layered and chain structure. It has abundant reserves in China, possesses nano-material properties, strong adsorption and ion exchange properties, and has huge high value utilization space. ATP and its functional products have the potential of water and fertilizer conservation, regulating soil structure and micro-ecology, and are widely used in ecological planting of Chinese materia medica. This paper reviews the resource distribution, structural characteristics, the research and application progress in soil ecological effects of ATP, and prospects the application prospects of it in the ecological planting of Chinese materia medica.
Subject(s)
China , Drugs, Chinese Herbal , Magnesium Compounds , Materia Medica , Medicine, Chinese Traditional , Silicon Compounds , SoilABSTRACT
Objective::To establish differential metabolites between different varieties of Angelica sinensis, and provide reference for breeding, introduction, regional cultivation and ecological cultivation of new varieties of A. sinensis. Method::Comprehensive non-target metabonomics analysis was conducted for five new varieties of A. sinensis collected at the same time from the same origin: Mingui No. 1 (MG1), Mingui No. 2 (MG2), Mingui No. 4 (MG4), Mingui No. 5 (MG5), and Mingui No. 6 (MG6). The 50% methanol extract of each variety was taken, and then the differential metabolites among varieties were found by using ultra-high performance liquid chromatography-quadrupole-time-of-flight mass spectrometry (UPLC-Q-TOF-MS), software Progenesis QI, principal component analysis (PCA), partial least squares discriminant analysis (PLS-DA), and non-targeted metabonomics analysis. Differential metabolites were identified based on precise molecular weight, secondary fragments, KEGG database, HMDE database and related literature information. Result::The results of UPLC-Q-TOF-MS and multivariate statistical analysis showed that there were significant differences in the metabolites of five Angelica varieties. As compared with MG1, the contents of chlorogenic acid, ferulic acid, tryptophan and ferulic aldehyde were significantly lower in MG2, MG4, MG5 and MG6, while the contents of ligustilide, coumarin, bovine keratin, palmitin, protocatechualdehyde and linolenic acid were significantly higher (P<0.05). The results of multivariate statistical analysis showed that the metabolites of MG2 and MG5 were similar with those of MG6, but were significantly different from those of MG4.In addition, 38 distinct metabolites were identified, involving 7 potential targeted metabolic pathways. Different varieties of A. sinensis could regulate the synthesis of their metabolites through phenylpropanoid biosynthesis and sesquiterpene-like compounds metabolism, lipid metabolism, amino acid metabolism, carbohydrate metabolism, nucleotide metabolism, carotenoids, linolenic acid, linoleic acid and some other metabolic pathways. Conclusion::UPLC-Q-TOF-MS and Progenesis QI metabonomics techniques were used to compare the chemical constituents of different varieties of A. sinensis from the overall level. The differences and their regularities were found, which could provide reference for quality control, variety sorting, identification, breeding and ecological planting of A. sinensis.